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BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Exam/Pharmacy/1984/Nov'19

Duration: 3Hrs.

SECTION-A

M. Marks: 80

QI. Very short questions for one line answer to be given. 8x1=8

a. What causes beri beri?

b. What is called Cyanocobalamine?

c. What is the full form of RNA?

d. Name the sugar molecule in a DNA?

e. What causes Goiter?

f. Give two examples of Polysaccharides.

g. Which vitamin is necessary for clotting of Blood?

h. What is the full form Of SGPT?

SECTION-B

Q2. Attempt any ten questions.

A. What are the important functions of calcium and sodium in human body?

B. Classify vitamins. What is the role of water soluble vitamins?

C. What are proteins? Give the classification of proteins?

D. What is diabetes mellitus? Name the tests used to detect diabetes? Explain one test.

E. Define and classify enzymes. Name two enzymes used for diagnostic/clinical purposes.

F. Discuss the role of lipids in our body.

G. Significance of abnormal constituents of urine.

H. Disorders of lipid metabolism.

I. Classify the types of immunoglobulins.

J. What are protein deficiency diseases?

K. Elaborate TCA cycle.

L. Write a short note on functions and deficiency Of iron and copper in body.

SECTION.C

Q3. Attempt any two questions.

1. Classify enzymes with examples. Give various factors affecting enzymatic activity

2. Classify carbohydrates with appropriate examples. Differentiate betwccn reducine and nan reducing sugars on the basis of qualitative tests.

3. What are' the various abnormal constituents Of urine and What are the various tests by which they can be detected?

4. Write a detailed note on functions and deficiency of vitamin E and Vitamin C. Also-discuss the importance of water metabolism in human beings.

जैव चिकित्सा और नैदानिक रोग विज्ञान

परीक्षा / फार्मेसी / 1984 / Nov'19

अवधि: 3 कर्टन।

खंड एक

एम। मार्क्स: 80

QI। एक पंक्ति के उत्तर के लिए बहुत कम प्रश्न दिए जाएंगे। 8x1 = 8

ए। क्या कारण बनते हैं बेरी?

बी सायनोकोबलामाइन को क्या कहा जाता है?

सी। आरएनए का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?

डी डीएनए में चीनी अणु का नाम बताएं?

इ। क्या गण्डमाला का कारण बनता है?

एफ Polysaccharides के दो उदाहरण दें।

जी रक्त के थक्के के लिए कौन सा विटामिन आवश्यक है?

एच SGPT का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?

धारा-बी

Q2। किसी भी दस प्रश्नों का प्रयास करें।

A. मानव शरीर में कैल्शियम और सोडियम के महत्वपूर्ण कार्य क्या हैं?

B. विटामिन का वर्गीकरण करें। पानी में घुलनशील विटामिन की क्या भूमिका है?

सी। प्रोटीन क्या हैं? प्रोटीन का वर्गीकरण दें?

डी। मधुमेह मेलेटस क्या है? मधुमेह का पता लगाने के लिए इस्तेमाल किए जाने वाले परीक्षणों का नाम बताइए? एक परीक्षा बताइए।

ई। एंजाइम को परिभाषित और वर्गीकृत करें। नैदानिक / नैदानिक प्रयोजनों के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले दो एंजाइमों का नाम बताइए।

एफ। हमारे शरीर में लिपिड की भूमिका पर चर्चा करें।

जी। मूत्र के असामान्य घटकों का महत्व।

एच। लिपिड चयापचय की विकार।

I. इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन के प्रकारों को वर्गीकृत करें।

जे। प्रोटीन की कमी के रोग क्या हैं?

के। विस्तृत TCA चक्र।

एल। कार्यों और शरीर में लोहे और तांबे की कमी पर एक छोटा नोट लिखें।

SECTION.C

Q3। किसी भी दो प्रश्नों का प्रयास करें।

1. उदाहरण के साथ एंजाइमों को वर्गीकृत करें। एंजाइमिक गतिविधि को प्रभावित करने वाले विभिन्न कारक दें

2. उपयुक्त उदाहरणों के साथ कार्बोहाइड्रेट को वर्गीकृत करें। गुणात्मक परीक्षणों के आधार पर शक्कर को कम करने के लिए बेटविन रेड्यूइन और नैन को अलग करें।

3. 'मूत्र के विभिन्न असामान्य घटक' क्या हैं और विभिन्न परीक्षण क्या हैं जिनके द्वारा उनका पता लगाया जा सकता है?

4. कार्यों और विटामिन ई और विटामिन सी की कमी पर एक विस्तृत नोट लिखें। साथ ही मानव में पानी के चयापचय के महत्व पर भी चर्चा करें।

Collodions

Collodions are the liquid preparations meant for external
application to the skin. They are convenient applications for
small cuts and abrasions and are also used when a prolonged
contact between the skin and the medicament is required. The
vehicle used is volatile and evaporates on application to skin,
leaving a flexible, protective film covering at the site of
application. They are applied with a brush or rod.
Flexible collodion contains pyroxillon, castor oil and alcohol
in solvent ether. Alcohol and solvent ether are used as vebhicle,
pyroxillon as film producing agent and castor oil gives
gives flexibility.http://hpsssb.hp.gov.in/

Capsules

Capsules are the solid unit dosage from of medicament in
which the drugs are enclosed in a practically tasteless, hard
or soft soluble container or shell made up of a suitable

form of gelatin. Hard capsules are used for filling the solid

substances. Hard gelatin capsules are available in a number

of sizes which varies from 000 to 5, the former being the

largest and latter the smallest. They are made up of two

cylindrical halves, one slightly larger in diameter but shorter

in length known as cap and the other slightly shorter in diameter

but longer in length know as base. the medicament is filled in

longer narrower half, then the cap is fitted over the open end

available in a number

two

by moistening edges of the lower half of the capsule.

Soft capsules are flexible in nature. They may be spherical.

ovoid, cylindrical or tubes. The spherical capsules are also

known as Pearls'. Soft gelatin capsules are used for enclosing

the solids, liquids and semi-liquids.

Enteric coated capsules are the capsules which are treated

or coated in such a way that the capsule does not disintegrate

in the acidic medium of the stomach but disintegrate in the

alkaline medium of the small intestine. Enteric coated capsules

have been largely replaced by enteric coated tablets.

Capsules are increasing their popularity day by day. Hard

capsule comes second to tablets in importance as solid unit

dosage forms. Some of the capsules are administered through

rectum and vagina and are convenient mode of administration

of drugs than suppositories. For oral administration the capsule

is placed on the tongue and swallowed with a drink of water.

Cachets

Cachets Consists of a dry powder enclosed in a shell,
usually prepared from a mixture of rice flour and water by
molding into a suitable shape and drying. They are quite
useful for administering the drugs with unpleasant taste and a
large dose can be enclosed in a cachet than in a tablet or
capsule.
There are two kinds of cachets; 'wet seal' cachets which
are sealed by moistening the edges with water, and dry seal
cachets.
Before administration, a cachet should be immersed in
water for a few seconds, then placed on the tongue and
swallowed with a draught of water. Cachets should be stored
and supplied in well closed air tight containers. Examples are
sodium aminosalicylate cachets, sodium aminosalicylate and
isoniazid cachets.

Aromatic Waters

Aromatic waters are also known as medicated waters. They
are dilute, usually saturated, aqueous solutions of volatile
oils or volatile substances. Some of them have a mild therapeutic
action but mainly they are used as flavoring agents in
preparations meant for internal administration of drugs. Aromatic
waters may be prepared either by diluting the concentrated
waters or by shaking the volatile substances with water.
Aromatic waters include anise water, camphor water, chloroform
water, cinnamon water and peppermint water.

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and New Drug Delivery System

Aerosols : The term aerosol has a specific meaning denoting a tine
dispersion of liquid or solid particles in a gas where the
particle size is less than 50 um it diameter, as in the case of
mist or Smoke.
Aerosols may be defined as the pressurised dosage form
of medicament in which the liquid or solid drug or drugs are
dissolved or suspended in gas. The gas used for this purpose
is known as propellant.

Example of Aerosol

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welcome to the woschool | Best Schools in Hoshiarpur

D Pharmacy Biochemistry _ Clinical Pathology_Nov_2019

what is Collodions.

Meaning of capsules.

what is Cachets

what is Aromatic Waters

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and New Drug Delivery System

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